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Professionalization and political engagement are usually placed as incompatible in the case of journalism and the mainstream press, resulting in an identification of cultural resistance exclusively with alternative/amateur vehicles. I will use the concept of journalistic field as introduced by Pierre Bourdieu to review these assumptions and discuss a form of political resistance that acts in one's own area of knowledge, is not overtly political and whose effects are not immediately accountable for. Drawing examples from my research on two literary newspapers published in the 1950s in Brazil and Uruguay, this paper will focus on the implications of didacticism for literary criticism as a genre of newswriting. The analysis of these newspapers will lead to a reflection on two main issues: a) the conflict between the professionalization and democratization of literature; and b) the definition of resistance as necessarily an action that is against something. The article will reconsider education in journalism as a form of resistance, taking into account its risks of becoming political indoctrination and commercial manipulation, but emphasizing its potential as a way of expanding access to literature.
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This article offers a pragmatic and relational analysis of the controversial heuristic of cultural resistance and presents some of the problems that affect the production and distribution of the poetic discourses of resistance and emancipation. To that end, it focuses on the incorporation of the historicity and the historic contingency of conflict as key elements of the subjectification constituted by the poem of resistance as “poem for the political”. It also explores the applicability of certain notions common to the contemporary critical tradition, as developed by scholars such as Badiou, Mouffe, Rancière, Bal and Žižek.
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The poetic space, as I see it, is a space of resistance. Resistance against the media which do not need poetry. Communication among poets is a go-between, a web of messages, performances and presentations, the circulation of books and digital materials. These activities are political, functioning as politics in the Greek sense: discussion in a public arena, exchanges of opinion and criticism, interventions, concerted decisions, group projects, a net of relationships around the production of texts, articulating versions and diversions of language. These activities and exchanges give the participants a sense of fulfillment. In this sense to pass is to think, to question a certain regime, to marvel that it is still there, to wonder what makes it possible, going into its enclaves, looking for traces of the movements which formed it and discovering in those stories apparently in ashes, how to think, how to live otherwise.
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In this article, I analyze the notions of sequentiality and simultaneity in Ursula K. Le Guin's science fiction novel The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia (1974). I extrapolate this analysis to the contrasting epistemic sensibilities surrounding the concepts of ‘revolution' and ‘resistance' respectively. I am particularly concerned with the role these concepts play in contemporary academic production in the humanities. My aim is to understand the implications of the different conceptions of time and representation associated with each of those two concepts, and what their actual ideological operativity is in the context of the present status quo.
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The following text provides a conceptual and theoretical introduction to a collection of essays written by members of the multidisciplinary network of scholars, artists and cultural producers named ‘Poetics of Resistance', which seeks to analyse and encourage discussion of the relationships between creativity, culture and political resistance, in the context of neoliberal globalization. The introduction also provides a critical glossary of a set of loosely interlinking keywords, following Raymond Williams, that mark points of encounter and departure between the approaches of the various authors (not to be confused with the list of keywords used to index each article). Rather than presenting a completed research project, this issue serves as a basis for continuing collaborative research and dialogue in the field, and invites readers to join in the ongoing debate. The contributors to this issue are Paulina Aroch Fugellie, Burghard Baltrusch, Arturo Casas, María do Cebreiro Rábade Villar, Roberto Echavarren, Marcos Giadas Conde, Cornelia Gräbner, Nathalia Jabur, Thomas Muhr and David Wood.
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This essay is a brief study of translation as a practice of aesthetic resistance seen from a historical and philosophical perspective. Translation is perceived as the process of transition and negotiation within the ‘third space' between various different hybrid cultural contexts and their discursive constraints, and referred to as ‘paratranslation'. It summarises the first attempts to think of translation as an almost ‘holistic' paradigm and the aesthetics of intervention from Romantic philosophy onwards. It attempts to show how Walter Benjamin's master narrative, the utopia of ‘pure language', encourages continuous resistance to the totalitarianism of the idea of the ‘original', to aesthetics (within the sense of the perception of the real) and to dominant discourses. It subsequently defines the idea of ‘progress', which considers translation as aesthetic resistance, as a process of construction in constant deconstruction. It concludes by exemplifying the notion of translation as a paradigm of intervention in modernity with a brief analysis of the transcreation performed by Erin Mouré on Fernando Pessoa/Alberto Caeiro's poetic cycle, O Guardador de Rebanhos (The Keeper of Sheep).
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This article contests the popular assumption that literature is ever less politically relevant. Quite the contrary is the case: literature and literary language becomes increasingly important for the alter-globalization movement and for the notion that ‘another world is possible.' The work of four authors - Manu Chao, Eduardo Galeano, Subcomandante Marcos, and José Saramago - are comparatively analysed in light of their contribution to an alternative globalism and to an alternative practice of politics. All four authors contribute from different perspectives to the literary articulation of a political project. Their work shares characteristics such as the permeability of genres, the emphasis on the poetical over the narrative, a meandering structure that expresses the search for and step-by-step construction of a cultural and political alternative, and an emphasis on translation and encounter as principles of interaction with difference.
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This article analyses a range of discourses articulated around the figure of the film archive between the late nineteenth and the early twenty-first centuries, accounting for the various possibilities that they open up for considering audiovisual heritage as a potential space either for revolutionary change or for political or textual resistance. Focused mainly on archival discourses in Mexico, the article traces their interaction with both national-historical and anti-imperialist narratives, and the implications of digital and online culture for the encounter between the archiving of film and resistance. It accounts for the position of the archive in negotiations between state and private capital and spaces of artistic autonomy, and for the relationships between the archive, modernity, postmodernity and the notion of posterity.
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In October 2007, over the course of a weekend, several hundred people descended on Coronel Pringles, a small town in the Argentine pampas. For two days they would participate, along with many of the town’s residents, in a series of workshops and performances held under the aegis of the Asociación Civil Estación Pringles, an organization founded in 2006 and headed by the poet Arturo Carrera. This inaugural event centered on the practice of declamation, one of the ‘viejas prácticas sociales y artı́sticas’ (‘timeworn social and artistic practices’) that Estación Pringles seeks to place into dialogue with the work of contemporary artists, writers and performers. In its founding statement, the project casts this dialogue in theatrical terms, calling itself ‘una plataforma o una escena donde prácticas estéticas dispersas en un espacio lateral puedan agregarse, articularse, hacerse visibles’ (‘a platform or scene where aesthetic practices, scattered throughout a lateral space, might come together, be articulated, become visible’). Indeed, an emphasis on theatricality would reappear in Carrera’s closing remarks to the 2007 gathering, in which he couches the practice of declamation in terms of a ‘teatrito,’ a ‘little theater’ (Estación Pringles).
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Conversamos con Chus Pato sobre a temática á que refire a convocatoria deste presente nº de Derritaxes, “Filosofía e literatura”, e comezamos facendo referencia explícita precisamente ao texto da convocatoria, a modo de introdución da conversa.
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Das Konzept der Öffentlichkeit ist ein fundamentaler Bestandteil des Selbstverständnisses der modernen demokratischen Gesellschaften, da es eine besondere Beziehung zwischen Gesellschaft und politischer Macht reflektiert und die Konstituierung eines Kommunikationsraums anzeigt, in dem sich eine öffentliche Meinung und ein kollektiver Wille herausbilden. Obwohl seine semantischen Wurzeln bis in die Antike zurückreichen, wurde das Konzept der Öffentlichkeit als solches erst im Laufe des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts mit der Konsolidierung der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft definiert. Die programmatische Formulierung der Öffentlichkeit im Geiste der Aufklärung weicht jedoch von ihrer durch wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Beschränkungen bedingten unvollkommenen Umsetzung ab, aufgrund derer die Öffentlichkeit schon seit dem 19. Jahrhundert als Fiktion der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft kritisiert wurde. Jürgen Habermas hat den Prozess der Herausbildung der modernen Öffentlichkeit in Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung der Medien beschrieben, wobei er gleichzeitig ihre normativen Grundlagen herausstellte und ihr aufklärerisches Potential innerhalb eines Modells der deliberativen Demokratie einforderte, das auf der Möglichkeit der rationalen Regulierung der Kommunikation durch die Strukturen der Sprache selbst beruht. Das hier entstehende Modell der Öffentlichkeit stößt allerdings bei seiner faktischen Umsetzung auf eine Hürde, nämlich die ambivalente Rolle der Massenmedien in der öffentlichen Kommunikation. Diese können die Kommunikationskreisläufe einer Zivilgesellschaft dynamisieren, sich andererseits aber auch in den Dienst von Formen politischer oder ökonomischer Macht stellen. Das Aufkommen des Internets verändert dieses Panorama der öffentlichen Kommunikation. Durch die Eröffnung eines allgemeinen Zugangs zu einem Raum interaktiver Kommunikation konfiguriert die neue Technologie die Öffentlichkeit neu und lässt erstmals eine weitestmögliche Annäherung an das von Habermas formulierte Ideal der gleichberechtigten und symmetrischen Kommunikation ohne Ausgrenzung vorstellbar werden. In der Realität jedoch erscheint die computervermittelte Kommunikation weniger argumentativ und konsensorientiert, als das habermassche Modell der Kommunikation postuliert; das Internet kann sich vielmehr unter Umständen als agonaler Raum erweisen, nämlich dann, wenn sich in ihm ein politischer Kampf um Hegemonie abspielt, aber auch, wenn es im elementaren Sinne zu einem Spielraum wird, in dem die illokutiven Zwänge des argumentativen Austauschs außer Kraft gesetzt werden. Angesichts der jüngsten Entwicklungen des Internet fällt auch auf, dass es sich in phänomenologischem Sinne als öffentlicher Raum konstituiert, indem es ein allgemeines Erscheinen vor anderen ermöglicht, welches zu Zeiten der Vorherrschaft der Massenmedien einigen wenigen vorbehalten war. Der Raum der virtuellen neuen Öffentlichkeit wird damit nicht nur zu einer Bühne für kollektive (sub)politische Äußerungen, sondern auch für persönliche Inszenierungen, und reflektiert damit eine erneute Verschiebung der Grenzen zwischen dem Öffentlichen und dem Privaten, aus der sich schließlich die Frage ergibt, weshalb die Aufrechterhaltung ebendieser Grenzen überhaupt notwendig bzw. wünschenswert ist.
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Josefina Ludmer en el ensayo más esperado de la década deja de lado las categorías de la teoría literaria utilizadas hasta el momento en busca de nuevas articulaciones y nociones que recorran todas las divisiones actuales y permitan entender la configuración política económica y social de los años 2000 en América latina. El resultado es una serie de esbozos teóricos que parten de un universo sin afueras real virtual al que llama imaginación pública o fabrica de realidad. Un universo que no diferencia entre realidad y ficción y cuya lógica es el movimiento la conectividad la superposición y la sobreimpresión de todo lo visto y oído. La literatura es hilo conductor de la imaginación pública y la vía por la que la especulación entra en esa fábrica de realidad. Las temporalidades y los territorios que instalan las ficciones literarias latinoamericanas de los últimos años (como las de Fernando Vallejo, Horacio Castellanos Moya, Martín Kohan, Perla Suez o Diamela Eltit) definen una forma determinada de “realidadficción”. Un libro decisivo de una de las figuras más lúcidas de la crítica actual indispensable para pensar la América latina del siglo XXI.
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Se retoman algunas líneas que permitan explicar la manera en que se introduce en la literatura mexicana la perspectiva maldita o decadentista. Propuesta de un arte inmoral, con la vocación de cuestionar al burgués. Temas del erotismo en la literatura mexicana. Influencia de Baudelaire, RImbaud y Nietzsche en la literatura mexicana del modernismo y la vanguardia.
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En su tratado de poética, Horacio afirmaba que la literatura debía ser dulce y útil. Cientos de años después, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, George Bataille escribe: la literatura “no puede ser útil porque es la expresión del hombre ―de la parte esencial del hombre― y lo esencial en el hombre no es reductible a la utilidad”. Utilidad y literatura son excluyentes. Ya no se escribe para servir a los semejantes sino para “revelar a la soledad de todos una parte intangible que nadie someterá nunca”. El escritor debe ejercer su libertad, lo cual significa dejar atrás el servilismo. Este ejercicio a menudo lo destruye, pero eso lo hace más fuerte. Para este escritor francés, la literatura debe expresar la esencia humana porque, de lo contrario, no es literatura y una de las expresiones de esta esencia, la expresión soberana, dice el autor, es el mal, una forma del mal, que no supone la ausencia de moral sino que exige una hipermoral.
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The different neighborhoods of a city present each a complex of negative and positive traits that both influence and become influenced by marginal cultural activity. Specifically, graffiti, urban writing and drawing or the activity in public places of graffiti writers, street artists or cultural activists, social and political, contribute to constructing and defining the public image of any city area, underscoring or changing the traditional representation of these social spaces. The author discusses two cases in Madrid at the turn of the 20th century: those of the neighborhoods of Vallecas and Malasaña.
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Cardboard is hardly a material we associate with new media or digital technology in general. And yet in considering a series of recent editorial projects in several Latin American cities—editorial projects whose last name is always Cartonera and whose defining attribute is a trash aesthetic of hand-painted books made from recycled cardboard—it seems difficult to avoid confronting the present media ecology characterized by these technologies. These editorials produce, on some level, a kind of ‘‘new media,’’ although the mere novelty of their enterprise is only the most superficial of their affiliations with this concept. On the contrary, it seems clear to me that these projects also enact a form of production that should be interrogated within a discussion of the forms of sociality associated with new media and the politico-economic landscape they inhabit and condition.
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Prólogo Capítulo I: Testimoniar en oxímoron (El caso César Vallejo) Capítulo II: Testimoniar sin lengua (El caso Alejandra Pizarnik) Capítulo III: Testimoniar sin metáfora (Los casos Washington Cucurto, Martín Gambarotta, Roberta Iannamico). *** Testimoniar en oxímoron, testimoniar sin lengua, testimoniar sin metáfora. Con estas tres fórmulas, Tamara Kamenszain bordea lo dicho por la poesía en los casos César Vallejo, Alejandra Pizarnik, Washington Cucurto, Martín Gambarotta y Roberta Iannamico. El testimonio no es prueba de la realidad sino en todo caso una muestra de vida. La poesía como testimonio mantiene viva la posibilidad de decir. Poniendo los saberes en falta, la poesía dice, da cuenta de la realidad, pero sin que esto signifique apelar a los realismos. En la imposibilidad indecible de todo testimonio, allí la poesía encuentra su boca. En este marco, los ensayos de Kamenszain registran una nueva lectura, tejen otros textos: el Vallejo de España, aparta de mí este cáliz pone en fecha los hechos, recibe en el propio aliento la boca del otro, mata la muerte. Y así como Vallejo deja entrar lo que de vida hay en la muerte, Pizarnik tramita lo que de muerte hay en la vida, en el punto de cese de la lengua que habla en sus últimos libros. Intentando despegar la escritura poética de su herramienta retórica por excelencia, la metáfora, los nuevos poetas buscan pinchar el efecto de show de la realidad. El realismo atolondrado en Cucurto, la búsqueda de lo real en Gambarotta, y el uso en Iannamico son modos de poner al poema en circulación, justo antes de que la ‘literatura’ se extinga. Precisa, lúcida y emotiva, la mirada de Kamenszain renueva las lecturas de dos grandes poetas de la poesía latinoamericana y descubre modos posibles de leer a las nuevas generaciones de la poesía argentina.
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Empreendendo uma análise profunda de três romances representativos da literatura latino-americana recente, Diana Klinger aborda dois elementos fundamentais presentes na ficção contemporânea: a presença marcante da primeira pessoa, em que se identificam aspectos de discurso autobiográfico, e uma perspectiva afastada sobre o outro, caracterizando uma literatura que atravessa fronteiras culturais. Escritas de si, escritas do outro constitui, portanto, obra fundamental para a compreensão das novas tendências da ficção contemporânea e, notadamente, da produção literária latino-americana da atualidade.
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PRESENTACION / 11 NOS ECHAMOS A LA CALLE / 15 La calle como espacio extraoficial de comunicación / 17 El derecho a la fachada, el deber a la ciudad / 21 Espacio urbano y graffiti / 33 QUE ES EL GRAFFITI? / 39 Hacia una definición / 41 El graffiti americano (¿o es europeo?) 47 QUE ES EL GRAFFITI MOVE? / 65 Ya llegan los bárbaros! / 67 Orígenes del Graffiti Move / 71 La participación de la mujer en la génesis del graffiti Su expansión por Europa / 89 Directrices del Graffiti Move / 95 Motivaciones básicas de los escritores de graffiti 105 Las contradjcciones del sistema / 117 Graffiti y contracultura / 119 GRAFFITI, ARTE, DELITO, JUEGO Y LOCURA / 125 La conciencia histórica y artística del Graffiti Move / 127 La identidad artística del escritor de graffiti / 135 La extravagancia artística y la subversión grafitera / 141 Graffiti y juego / 147 Neo barroquismo y graffiti / 153 Aerosol y ¡¡Madness!! / 157 EL ARTE DEL GRAFFITI / 163 Academicismo Graffiti Move / 165 Y el graffiti entró en los museos / 181 De la calle a la galería / 187 El Postgraffiti / 195 EPÍLOGO / 203 Luces y sombras / 205 BIBLIOGRAFIA E INDICE DE LAS ILUSTRACIONES / 209 *** Graphitfragen. Una mirada reflexiva sobre el Graffiti se concibe como una recopilación de textos realizados entre 1998 y 2005, que incluyen artículos, conferencias, ponencias o capítulos de mi tesis doctoral y que plantean de un modo abierto diferentes aspectos históricos, estéticos, artísticos, antropológicos, políticos, éticos, etc. concernientes al graffiti contemporáneo. Respecto a la publicación digital con el mismo título, realizada en 2001 por Minotauro Digital, se presenta como una revisión y ampliación de sus contenidos, continuando la pretensión que guiaba aquella experiencia de repasar, poner en orden, plantear y suscitar una serie de cuestiones que revolotean en torno a este fenómeno cultural y que, igualmente, tocan a todas aquellas manifestaciones culturales de nuestros días que se emparentan de una u otra forma con él.
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